Step 1: Determine the UTF-8 encoding bit layout
The character – has the Unicode code point U+2013. In UTF-8, it is encoded using 3 bytes because its codepoint is in the range of
0x0800to0xffff.
Therefore we know that the UTF-8 encoding will be done over 16 bits within the final 24 bits and that it will have the format:1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
Where thexare the payload bits.UTF-8 Encoding bit layout by codepoint range Codepoint Range Bytes Bit pattern Payload length U+0000 - U+007F 1 0xxxxxxx 7 bits U+0080 - U+07FF 2 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx 11 bits U+0800 - U+FFFF 3 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 16 bits U+10000 - U+10FFFF 4 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 21 bits Step 2: Obtain the payload bits:
Convert the hexadecimal code point U+2013 to binary:
00100000 00010011. Those are the payload bits.Step 3: Fill in the bits to match the bit pattern:
Obtain the final bytes by arranging the paylod bits to match the bit layout:
11100010 10000000 10010011
EN DASH·U+2013
–
Character Information
Code Point
U+2013
HEX
2013
Unicode Plane
Basic Multilingual Plane
Category
Dash Punctuation
Character Representations
Click elements to copy| Encoding | Hex | Binary |
|---|---|---|
| UTF8 | E2 80 93 | 11100010 10000000 10010011 |
| UTF16 (big Endian) | 20 13 | 00100000 00010011 |
| UTF16 (little Endian) | 13 20 | 00010011 00100000 |
| UTF32 (big Endian) | 00 00 20 13 | 00000000 00000000 00100000 00010011 |
| UTF32 (little Endian) | 13 20 00 00 | 00010011 00100000 00000000 00000000 |
HTML Entity
–
URI Encoded
%E2%80%93
Description
The Unicode character U+2013 represents the en dash (—), a typographical symbol commonly employed in digital text for various purposes. Serving as a versatile punctuation mark, the en dash is typically used to denote ranges of values or dates, such as "1985–1993" or "April 2022–May 2023," and to connect compound adjectives in compound nouns, like "well-known artist" or "fast-food restaurant." Although similar to the hyphen and em dash, the en dash possesses specific characteristics that differentiate it from these other punctuation marks. In digital text, its length is usually shorter than an em dash but longer than a hyphen, providing clarity and distinction in written content. The en dash's utilization spans across various linguistic and cultural contexts, reflecting its status as an essential element in the world of typography.
How to type the – symbol on Windows
Hold Alt and type 8211 on the numpad. Or use Character Map.