Step 1: Determine the UTF-8 encoding bit layout
The character ᚸ has the Unicode code point U+16B8. In UTF-8, it is encoded using 3 bytes because its codepoint is in the range of
0x0800to0xffff.
Therefore we know that the UTF-8 encoding will be done over 16 bits within the final 24 bits and that it will have the format:1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
Where thexare the payload bits.UTF-8 Encoding bit layout by codepoint range Codepoint Range Bytes Bit pattern Payload length U+0000 - U+007F 1 0xxxxxxx 7 bits U+0080 - U+07FF 2 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx 11 bits U+0800 - U+FFFF 3 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 16 bits U+10000 - U+10FFFF 4 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 21 bits Step 2: Obtain the payload bits:
Convert the hexadecimal code point U+16B8 to binary:
00010110 10111000. Those are the payload bits.Step 3: Fill in the bits to match the bit pattern:
Obtain the final bytes by arranging the paylod bits to match the bit layout:
11100001 10011010 10111000
RUNIC LETTER GAR·U+16B8
ᚸ
Character Information
Code Point
U+16B8
HEX
16B8
Unicode Plane
Basic Multilingual Plane
Category
Other Letter
Character Representations
Click elements to copy| Encoding | Hex | Binary |
|---|---|---|
| UTF8 | E1 9A B8 | 11100001 10011010 10111000 |
| UTF16 (big Endian) | 16 B8 | 00010110 10111000 |
| UTF16 (little Endian) | B8 16 | 10111000 00010110 |
| UTF32 (big Endian) | 00 00 16 B8 | 00000000 00000000 00010110 10111000 |
| UTF32 (little Endian) | B8 16 00 00 | 10111000 00010110 00000000 00000000 |
HTML Entity
ᚸ
URI Encoded
%E1%9A%B8
Description
The Unicode character U+16B8 represents the Runic letter "Gar" in the Elder Futhark script. Elder Futhark is an early runic alphabet used primarily by the Germanic peoples of Northern Europe from approximately 150 BC to 500 AD. This alphabet consists of 24 letters, with each character representing a distinct phoneme or sound in Old Norse and other Germanic languages. In digital text, U+16B8 serves as an accurate representation of the original glyph found on ancient runestones, monuments, and inscriptions. The Runic letter "Gar" has cultural significance in that it is a direct connection to early Germanic history and linguistic development. It is also important for linguists, anthropologists, and historians studying the evolution of written communication in pre-Roman Europe.
How to type the ᚸ symbol on Windows
Hold Alt and type 5816 on the numpad. Or use Character Map.