—

Character Information

Code Point
U+0097
HEX
0097
Unicode Plane
Basic Multilingual Plane
Category
Control

Character Representations

Click elements to copy
EncodingHexBinary
UTF8
C2 97
11000010 10010111
UTF16 (big Endian)
00 97
00000000 10010111
UTF16 (little Endian)
97 00
10010111 00000000
UTF32 (big Endian)
00 00 00 97
00000000 00000000 00000000 10010111
UTF32 (little Endian)
97 00 00 00
10010111 00000000 00000000 00000000
HTML Entity
—
URI Encoded
%C2%97

Description

The Unicode character U+0097, often represented as —, is recognized as the "Pilcrow" or "Paragraph Mark." In the realm of digital text, this character primarily serves as a paragraph separator, marking the start of a new paragraph in documents that adhere to HTML formatting. Though less frequently used in modern digital text due to automatic line spacing and indentation features, it boasts a rich cultural history dating back to ancient Greece, where it was initially employed as a visual aid for improved readability. In specific technical or historical contexts, the Pilcrow remains a crucial element, especially in documents that require precise formatting or adhere to traditional text presentation standards. This character belongs to the Latin-1 Supplement Unicode block (U+00A0 to U+00FF), which encompasses characters ranging from 128 to 255, offering a diverse array of symbols essential for enhancing text formatting and typography in various applications, such as professional documents or creative writing. The Pilcrow's heritage and continued relevance contribute significantly to clear communication and an aesthetically pleasing visual experience for readers.

How to type the — symbol on Windows

Hold Alt and type 0151 on the numpad. Or use Character Map.

  1. Step 1: Determine the UTF-8 encoding bit layout

    The character — has the Unicode code point U+0097. In UTF-8, it is encoded using 2 bytes because its codepoint is in the range of 0x0080 to 0x07ff.

    Therefore we know that the UTF-8 encoding will be done over 11 bits within the final 16 bits and that it will have the format: 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
    Where the x are the payload bits.

    UTF-8 Encoding bit layout by codepoint range
    Codepoint RangeBytesBit patternPayload length
    U+0000 - U+007F10xxxxxxx7 bits
    U+0080 - U+07FF2110xxxxx 10xxxxxx11 bits
    U+0800 - U+FFFF31110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx16 bits
    U+10000 - U+10FFFF411110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx21 bits
  2. Step 2: Obtain the payload bits:

    Convert the hexadecimal code point U+0097 to binary: 10010111. Those are the payload bits.

  3. Step 3: Fill in the bits to match the bit pattern:

    Obtain the final bytes by arranging the paylod bits to match the bit layout:
    11000010 10010111